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10.46852/0424-2513.4.2024.1

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The agriculture and allied activities sector have been a significant contributor to India’s growth and development. India is projected to witness GDP growth rate between 6.0 to 6.8 percent during 2023-24. The agriculture sector has been growing at an average annual rate of 4.6 percent over the last six years. India has also emerged as a net exporter of agricultural products, with 6 percent growth in exports in 2022-23 over the previous year. The agricultural sector contributed to 19.9 percent of the country’s GDP and employs a significant portion of the country’s labour force, accounting for 45.5 percent during 2020-21. Despite the agricultural
sector’s importance and its positive growth during the COVID-19 pandemic, farmers in India often find themselves at the bottom of the economic pyramid. Farmers face various challenges in production, including inconsistent policy frameworks, unsustainable cropping patterns and limited access to technology and irrigation facilities, inadequate market linkages and vulnerability to exploitation by intermediaries. Addressing these issues and improving the economic condition of farmers for sustainable livelihood and growth is essential.
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10.46852/0424-2513.4.2024.3

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The present paper attempts to evaluate the performance of Indian Yarn Industry and so focuses primarily on estimation of efficiency scores for IYI using its firm level data. Also it determines the major encouraging factors of firm level efficiency of IYI. The originality of this study is that it considers the potential simultaneous link between many factors influencing efficiency. The result shows that majority
of firms have a mean Technical Efficiency (TE) greater than the average mean. The average TE of all firms combined indicates that on average, IYI generates 77% of the maximum producible output. The results of determinants of TE reveals that Advertising intensity of previous period is found to have a non-linear i.e. inverted U-shaped relationship with TE whereas Firm size and Research and Development Intensity are positively related with TE. On the contrary, Net export intensity is found to have a linear and negative
relationship with TE. The relation between Firm Age and TE is found to be linear and positive. The effect of dismantling of MFA has a negative and significant effect on TE compared to the MFA period for IYI. The analysis reveals that in order to promote firm level technical efficiency of IYI, any policy changes that will lead to increase in Firm Size, Research and Development and Advertisement should be emphasized.
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10.46852/0424-2513.4.2024.4

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The present study analyzed production and marketing constraints confronted by spring maize growers in irrigated tract of Haryana in 2020-21. The data was collected from 80 farmers through face to face approach to ascertain constraints in spring maize cultivation and three point Likert type scale was used and Friedman’s test was employed. The findings exposed that, among the production constraints, high wage rate of human labour was the major constraint tracked by damage to standing crop by birds/wild animals, non-availability of maize dryer, higher cost of seed and incidence of insect-pests and diseases. The prominent marketing restraints were non-procurement of produce by public agencies, low market price of produce offered due to higher moisture content, delay in payment, low value of by-product etc. Arrangement of assured procurement of produce at MSP, mechanization of farm operations through
custom hiring centres to curtail cost of cultivation, incentivizing the farmers for wired fencing, access to maize dryer, adequate storage facilities and market intelligence are essential for promotion of spring maize cultivation in study area.
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10.46852/0424-2513.4.2024.5

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Fertilizers are essential for enhancing agricultural productivity, and their consumption is influenced by various factors such as irrigation, high-yielding seeds, credit availability, cropping patterns, and nutrient requirements. This study examines the factors affecting fertilizer consumption in the state of Haryana, India, The study was conducted in four districts of Haryana, namely Bhiwani, Faridabad, Fatehabad, and Yamuna Nagar, representing both the Western and Eastern zones. The primary objective of the study
was to analyze fertilizer consumption under major crops in these districts. The study analyzes data from four districts in Haryana and employs multiple regression models to identify significant factors. The findings highlight the importance of cropping intensity, irrigated area, high-yielding varieties, credit availability, and fertilizer prices in shaping fertilizer consumption. The study emphasizes the need to
address nutrient imbalances and ensure proper fertilizer distribution to improve agricultural productivity and food security in Haryana.
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10.46852/0424-2513.4.2024.6

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Economic development has been seen as both a cause and an outcome of structural transformation. The transformation at national level is concluded to be stunted one, various factors were studied and analyzed to make a record of structural transformation in Indian economy for last few years. A decline in the GDP level was observed from 2007 (1046.9 UD$) till 2020 (1935.04 UD$). Among the sectors of economy, the agriculture sector contributed least to GDP in 2018 (15.97 per cent) and highest in 2021 (20.19 per cent). The CAGR was also computed and the agriculture (33%) and service (35%) sectors have shown a positive CAGR, whereas, industry sector witnessed a negative growth rate of 32 per cent. Among the major states of India, lowest per capita income was in Bihar (` 39170.3) and highest in Haryana (` 217402.8), which is about five times that of Bihar. It can be inferred that in terms of agricultural production, over a decade, pulses witnessed highest growth (3.16%), followed rice (2.22%), wheat (2.13%), cereals (2.0%),food grains (1.93%) and non-food grains (0.47%). The maximum share of agriculture in GSDP was seen in 2021 (20.19%) and least in 2018 (15.97%). A decrease in the share of agriculture in total work force was noticed from 2010 (52%) to 2021 (42%). The Gap analysis showed that, maximum gap was observed during 2010 (34.97%) and minimum in 2021 (21.81%). The percentage of employment in agriculture decreased
from 2001 (59%) till 2021 (42%) due to many factors like the increase in urbanization, modernization, industrialization etc.
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10.46852/0424-2513.4.2024.7

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The present investigation was carried out to study costs and returns of major farming systems in Jaipur District of Rajasthan. A multistage purposive and random sampling procedure was used to select district, tehsils, villages and farmers from the district. A sample of 60 households i.e. 30 each from irrigated and rainfed area. Information regarding cost items like labour, irrigation, depreciation was collected through primary data collection. Results revealed that the total costs per households under rainfed situation was the highest under FS-IV and it were lowest under FS-II. While, in case of irrigated situation, it was highest in FS-II and lowest in FS-III. Under rainfed situation, FS-IV was the most profitable farming system on net return basis (` 158942.26) and return per rupee investment i.e. ` 1.61. While, on the basis of net return per household, the most profitable farming system adopted under the irrigated situation was FS-II (` 489534.25) and on the basis of returns per rupee investment most profitable farming systems were same as FS-I and FS-II i.e. ` 1.89.
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10.46852/0424-2513.4.2024.8

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Recent pandemic has laid down its foot on the heart of human civilization through several random shocks that have generated economic crisis. Post pandemic world shall demand for proper and possibly effective state intervention in order to stabilize the downward biased economic fluctuations, at least for short-run. Take this as an opportunity, this paper tries to throw some ray over some hypothetical scenarios and shouts for plausible policy recommendation in a post pandemic world. This paper uses standard macroeconomic models with rational expectations for both supply-side and demand-side shocks in order to examine the effectiveness of policies for hypothetical economies. Further, to quantify the analysis,we employ both econometrics and simulation-based approaches on different economic setup. This is the a which considers rational expectations to examine the short-run fluctuations via pandemic. Consideration of both demand side and supply side shocks along with plausible policy responses under the assumptions of rational expectations also make this study a novel one.
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10.46852/0424-2513.4.2024.9

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A study was undertaken to examine the nature and extent of post-harvest losses in onion supply chain in Haryana during the period 2019-20. A total sample size of 200 onion growers, 20 wholesalers and 20 retailers were taken from both the districts. The study revealed that the highest post-harvest losses were estimated at the farm level in both the districts as well as at overall level i.e. Haryana. The losses at farm level, wholesaler and retailer level were 6.91 (54.67%), 2.57 (20.35%) and 3.16 (24.97%) kg per quintal,
respectively in Ambala district. Maximum losses were found to occur due to rotted and undersized bulbs. In Mewat district, the losses at farm level, wholesaler and retailer level were 7.45 (52.64%), 2.86 (20.24%) and 3.84 (27.12%) kg per quintal, respectively. Maximum post-harvest losses in Mewat district were found to occur due to transportation at farm level. In Haryana, the losses at farm level, wholesaler and retailer level were 7.18 (53.58%), 2.72 (20.29%) and 3.50 (26.11%) kg per quintal, respectively. Maximum post-harvest losses in Haryana were found to occur due to rotted and undersized bubs.
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10.46852/0424-2513.4.2024.10

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The study has analyzed trends and prospects of citrus crop in Sirsa district and Haryana state. The study was based on secondary data collected for a period from 1990-91 to 2018-19. The compound growth rate, mean, co-efficient of variation, and ARIMA model were employed to calculate the results of the study. The fluctuated trends were observed in area, production, and productivity of citrus crop in Sirsa district and Haryana state. The third decade has shown a better result in Sirsa district and Haryana state. The study also revealed that the area’s growth rate will be positive, and growth rate of production and productivity of citrus crop in Sirsa will be negative. The compound growth rate of area, production and productivity of citrus crop in Haryana will be 3.20%, 7.00% and 3.70%, respectively. Further, the production and productivity growth rate will be greater in Haryana compared to district Sirsa. In contrast, the area
growth rate in district Sirsa will be higher than in Haryana.
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10.46852/0424-2513.4.2024.11

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The coastal agricultural belt of the Coromandel region is very vulnerable to cyclonic damage. The ill effects of cyclonic damage could be lessened effectively if crop diversification is adopted. But, in the region, most of the farmers either cultivate annuals or perennials as Monocrop. Monocropping would largely reduce the farmers’ resilience. In light of this, this study was conceived with the objectives to assess the various factors influencing the farmers’ awareness of crop diversification as a method to mitigate risk and to prioritize the primary factors contributing to the non-adoption of crop diversification on a cluster-specific basis in the cyclone prone Coromandel coast of Tamil Nadu. The Coromandel coast formed the universe of the study. The multistage stratified random sampling approach was employed to select sample respondents. The ultimate sample size was 400. The required primary data were collected for the study through a pre-tested, structured interview schedule administered to sample respondents. The logit analyses indicated that the awareness of farmers on such crop diversifications was majorly and positively influenced by agri-extension activities. Further, Garrett analyses revealed that, by and large, the reason “Fear of production failure’ was the principal cause for the non-adoption of crop diversification. Hence, the study concluded that the farmers need to be imparted with the production techniques of the
alternative crops that could be taken up in the Coromandel agricultural belt and encouraged to cultivate the crops through an enhanced extension approach specially intended for this purpose.
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10.46852/0424-2513.4.2024.12

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Development of rural areas has been a priority of the government since the advent of the planning process. Keeping in view the crucial role of rural roads in the all-round growth of the rural economy, a number of measures have been taken by the Government of India to facilitate the rapid growth of rural roads. Construction and maintenance of rural roads have remained an important component and have received impetus through increased central and state funding in a number of development schemes. In light of
the above, a study has been undertaken where an effort has been made to see the trends in rural roads of West Bengal leading to the growth and development of rural masses in West Bengal. It has been found that rural roads, although defined as low traffic volume roads, are a key component of rural development, since they promote access to economic and social services, thereby generating increased agricultural productivity, non-agricultural employment, non-agricultural productivity, which in turn expands rural
growth opportunities and real income through which poverty can be reduced. Better road connectivity raises awareness, personal knowledge, leading to improved accessibility to the health services, further use of sanitation which enables people to pursue different livelihood strategies. Secondary data for different variables also lead to significant results. The study concluded that rural roads with a positive trend bear a relationship with rural infrastructure and can change rural livelihood patterns.
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10.46852/0424-2513.4.2024.34

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The digital economy is revolutionising financial markets, changing their structure and content through the introduction of fintech innovations. Analysing these trends is not only relevant but also critical for understanding the prospects for the development of the financial sector in the digital age. In this context, the purpose of our research is to review and analyse the key aspects of this process and to reveal how the digital economy affects the structure and content of financial markets globally and in Ukraine. The
study used a variety of methods, including a monographic analysis of the literature and a systematic approach to the development of terminology. Additionally, inductive and deductive methods were used to formulate hypotheses and conclusions, as well as graphical and tabular data visualisation. As a result of the study, the main ways in which technology affects the financial sector are considered. It is noted that digital innovations are revolutionising the way financial institutions operate. It is found that digital transformation in the financial services market involves not only the use of the latest technologies but also the use of qualitatively new approaches to information interaction between providers and users of financial products or instruments. The study also points to the positive impact of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, the Internet of Things, virtual reality, etc. on the future landscape of technology and digitalisation. It also identifies the main areas of development of Ukrainian Fintech. The article concludes that the development of digital technologies is significantly transforming the financial sector, making it more accessible, efficient, and innovative. The results and methods of the study are of practical importance, as they provide an opportunity to better understand the impact of the
digital economy on financial markets. This will help businesses, governments, and academic institutions
make informed decisions about the development of
financial systems in the digital age and the use of the
latest technologies to improve financial stability and
access to services.
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10.46852/0424-2513.4.2024.2

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In this paper, a time series data on sugarcane yield in some selected states of India is considered to determine the growth and trend patterns by fitting well-known statistical models, viz. linear model and exponential model. The trend values have been obtained by fitting the respective models. Moreover, the “goodness of fit” of the respective models has been tested by using Chi-square test statistic. It is
demonstrated from the study that both the models are valid for analyzing the growth and trend patterns of the sugarcane yield. Furthermore, the coefficients of determination (R2), for the fitted models, are also computed to judge their suitability for exploring the trend patterns of sugarcane yield in the concerned states of India.
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10.46852/0424-2513.4.2024.37

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The current political and economic situation in Ukraine has led to the deterioration of the financial condition of enterprises, which need a clear business development strategy and effective tools for its implementation. Mastering the skills of timely analysis of the financial state of enterprises, the formation of anti-crisis measures, and the implementation of management decisions will contribute to the development of an optimal business development strategy for each specific enterprise in war conditions. In order
to increase the efficiency of the process of formation and implementation of the company’s business development strategy, it is recommended to functionally and informationally detail and design it based on a certain methodology and software tools. At the same time, detailing the process of formation and implementation of the company’s development strategy should be based on the modelling of business processes at the company. Taking into account the above, the main goal of the research is to generalize
the theoretical material and provide practical recommendations regarding the use of modern tools for the development and implementation of the business development strategy of Ukrainian enterprises in modern realities. The authors use functional modelling of business processes based on the IDEF standard in the formation and implementation of the company’s business development strategy. Modelling these processes based on the selected IDEF standard allows taking into account all potential factors related to the management of Ukrainian companies in modern realities, as well as focusing on information flows
for making management decisions. It is noted that the collection of information (various methods and techniques), the analysis of the external and internal environment are critically important for the formation of the company’s business development strategy and the development of measures for its implementation. It is emphasized that the enterprise can adapt to the changing state of the external environment with the help of an anti-crisis strategy and create prerequisites for the effective use of all types of resources. In this
regard, it is recommended to use the IDEF14 notation in the conditions of modern reality.
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10.46852/0424-2513.4.2024.38

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The opportunities offered by digital technologies for the active post-war revival of Ukraine’s economyare at the centre of academic debate. Many researchers define digitalisation as one of the factors of socioeconomic development, but this issue has not been fully studied. The inequality of spatial development has a negative impact on the inequality of the level of digitalisation in different countries, and thus Ukraine needs to develop directions for the introduction of digital innovations to ensure its economic
development during the post-war recovery. Given the relevance of the research topic, the purpose of this paper is to specify the specific features of the use of digital technologies and cybersecurity in the strategy of economic recovery in the post-war period. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to ensure the solution of the following tasks: to determine the current state of digital development of Ukraine; to specify the opportunities that digital development opens up for Ukraine in the period of post-war recovery; to
systematise the risks that accompany the processes of digital technology implementation. To achieve this goal, the author used general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, systematisation and generalisation. The method of analysis was used primarily to process statistical material and identify the main trends in the further development of the digital economy in Ukrainian society. As a result of developing the research topic, it was found that digital technologies open up significant opportunities to ensure the efficient use of all types of resources in the context of post-war recovery. The author also diagnosed the risks, which primarily lie in the area of the need to create conditions for ensuring cybersecurity both in the plane of digitalisation of the public sector and in the plane of business structures. It is proved that in the process of developing a strategy for Ukraine’s digital development in the period of post-war reconstruction, the main attention should be paid to the issues of information protection and cybersecurity. This is due to
the fact that the current active development of digital technologies creates prerequisites for the misuse of information and may pose a threat not only to the State but also to representatives of enterprises. However, the development of the topic also emphasises that it is crucial for the modern digital economy to focus on cybersecurity to protect data and ensure sustainable development.
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