This study investigates the socio-economic impact of SHGs on rural women based on primary data collected from 180 respondents. The demographic profile indicates that 51.11% of participants belong to the 30-40 years age group and 40% to the 40-50 years category, reflecting high participation among economically productive women. Educational attainment remains low, with 92.22% having only primary education and 7.22% being illiterate, highlighting the inclusive nature of SHGs in reaching marginalized sections. The findings reveal a significant transformation in occupational patterns. Prior to SHG participation, 35.55% of respondents were housewives and 43.34% engaged in low-income miscellaneous activities. Post-SHG, 100% of respondents became economically active, with 43.33% involved in vending and 37.22% in daily wage labour, alongside universal participation in agriculture. A substantial improvement in income levels is observed, with mean annual income increasing from ` 62,966.67 to ` 1,28,300. Income distribution shifted entirely from below ` 1,00,000 to higher brackets, with 83.89% earning above ` 1,20,000 post-SHG. The paired sample t-test confirms this increase as statistically significant (t = -95.625, p < 0.05). Expenditure patterns reflect enhanced living standards, with food expenditure rising from ` 1,847.22 to ` 2,841.67 and education spending increasing from ` 1,168.87 to ` 1,832.31. Healthcare and housing expenditures also show notable growth. Additionally, 63.33% of respondents invested in livestock, indicating asset creation. Savings behaviour improved markedly, with all respondents reporting average annual savings of ` 19,000, compared to no savings prior to SHG participation. The study also highlights improvements in socio-economic empowerment, with 93.89% of respondents participating in household decision-making and 100% reporting enhanced entrepreneurial skills, mental well-being and social awareness.

Highlights

• Majority of respondents (92.22%) belong to low educational background (primary level or below) showing SHGs’ inclusive reach.
• Mean annual income increased significantly from ` 62,966.67 to ` 1,28,300.
• Savings behaviour improved markedly, with average annual savings rising from zero savings to ` 19,000 per member.
• 63.33% of respondents invested in livestock, indicating asset creation and livelihood diversification.