The global oilseed industry has seen considerable shifts in output resulting from unfavorable weather patterns, market fluctuation, and climate change. India ranks as the fourth-largest oilseed producer globally, contributing 10% to the world’s total productivity and utilizing 20.8% of all arable land globally. Since domestic oilseed production cannot keep up with demand, India has been compelled to import a lot of edible oils. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the growth and decay of oilseed production in India. The study examines the level of development in the area, production, and yield of selected oilseed crops, focusing on their relative contributions to total crop yields. Compound annual and annual average growth rates are calculated, and the Cuddy-Della Valle index was used to assess changes in time-series data. Decomposition analysis reveals the role of regional and employment growth in determining productivity change, suggesting that employment growth, rather than regional expansion, is the primary factor that improves productivity. The study recommends enhancing oilseed productivity through improved agricultural practices to address challenges posed by climate change.

Highlights

• The oilseed sector in India contains a wide variety of crops, and 28% of the land used for oilseeds is irrigated.
• The variability in yield and declining cultivation of certain crops highlights the need for improved agronomic practices and technology to stabilize production.
• Addressing oilseed productivity gaps is crucial to improve efficiency, increase farmers’ income, and enhance livelihood security.