Original Article
Bee Propolis in Focus: In Vitro Fermentation of Napier Bajra Fodder Based Total Mixed Ration
Year: 2026 | Month: February | Volume 16 | Issue 1
Aguiar, S.C.D., Paula, E.M.D., Yoshimura, E.H., Santos, W.B.R.D., Machado, E., Valero, M.V., Santos, G.T.D. and Zeoula, L.M. 2014. Effects of phenolic compounds in propolis on digestive and ruminal parameters in dairy cows. Rev. Bras. Zootec., 43: 197-206.
View at Google ScholarAOAC, 2007. Official Methods of Analysis (18th edition). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
View at Google ScholarBAHS. 2024. Animal Husbandry Statistics Division, DADF, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India.
View at Google ScholarBlümmel, M., Makkar, H.P.S. and Becker, K. 1997. In vitro gas production: a technique revisited. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl)., 77(1-5): 24-34.
View at Google ScholarCo?kuntuna, L., Erten, K. and ?amli, H.E. 2023. Effect of adding propolis extract to sorghum grain varieties on in vitro gas parameters. J. Elem., 28(2): 485-496.
View at Google ScholarDa Silva, J., Ítavo, C.C., Ítavo, L.C., Morais, M., Da Silva, P.C., Ferelli, K.L. and De Souza Arco, T.F. 2019. Dietary addition of crude form or ethanol extract of brown propolis as nutritional additive on behaviour, productive performance and carcass traits of lambs in feedlot. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 28(1): 31–40.
View at Google ScholarDa Silva, N.I.S., De Araújo, T.L.C., Firmino, S.S., Oliveira, M.R., De Sousa, B.P., Da Costa, R.M.N., Macedo, M.F., Mendes, A.C.D., Pereira, M.W.F., De Almeida, J.G.L., De Oliveira Lima, P. and De Lima Júnior, D.M. 2025. Green propolis extract derived from Mimosa tenuiflora as an additive in the diet of sheep. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 57(2): 57-67.
View at Google ScholarDAHD. 2024. Brochure of the 21st Livestock Census. Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying.
View at Google ScholarDe Paula, E.M., Samensari, R.B., Machado, E., Pereira, L.M., Maia, F.J., Yoshimura, E.H., Franzolin, R., Faciola, A.P. and Zeoula, L.M. 2016. Effects of phenolic compounds on ruminal protozoa population, ruminal fermentation and digestion in water buffaloes. Livest. Sci., 185: 136-141.
View at Google ScholarFrance, J., Dhanoa, M.S., Theodorou, M.K., Lister, S.J., Davies, D.R. and Isac, D. 1993. A model to interpret gas accumulation profiles associated with in vitro degradation of ruminant feeds. J. Theor. Biol., 163(1): 99-111.
View at Google ScholarJabbar, M., Hira, H., Saeed, M.S., Bibi, M. and Nawaz, H. 2022. The Propolis and Its Usability for the Mitigation of Methane Production in Ruminants. Int. J. Res. Dev. Pharm. L. Sci., 8(5): 136.
View at Google ScholarKurek-Górecka, A., Rzepecka-Stojko, A., Górecki, M., Stojko, J., Sosada, M. and ?wierczek-Zi?ba, G. 2013. Structure and antioxidant activity of polyphenols derived from propolis. Molecules, 19(1): 78-101.
View at Google ScholarMahmood, M., Samli, H.E., Sener-Aydemir, A., Sharma, S., Zebeli, Q. and Khiaosa-ard, R. 2022. Moringa oleifera and propolis in cattle nutrition: characterization of metabolic activities in the rumen in vitro. Metabolites, 12(12): 1237.
View at Google ScholarMenke, K.H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D. and Schneider, W. 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. J. Agric. Sci., 93(1): 217–222.
View at Google ScholarMenke, K.H. and Steingass, H. 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim. Res. Dev., 28: 7-55.
View at Google ScholarMorsy, A.S., Soltan, Y.A., Elzaiat, H.M., Sallam, S.M.A., Alencar, S.D., Louvandini, H. and Abdalla, A.L. 2011. Effect of two types of Brazilian propolis extracts on rumen gas and methane production and truly degradability in vitro. In: Proceedings of the 4th Animal Wealth Research Conference in the Middle East & North Africa. Oct, 2011. Egypt, pp. 01 – 20.
View at Google ScholarMorsy, A.S., Abdalla, A.L., Soltan, Y.A., Sallam, S.M.A., El- Azrak, K.E.M., Louvandini, H.and Alencar, S.M. 2013. Effect of Brazilian red propolis administration on hematological, biochemical variables and parasitic response of Santa Inês ewes during and after flushing period. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 45(7): 1609–1618.
View at Google ScholarMorsy, A.S., Soltan, Y.A., Sallam, S.M.A., Kreuzer, M., Alencar, S.M.D. and Abdalla, A.L. 2015. Comparison of the in vitro efficiency of supplementary bee propolis extracts of different origin in enhancing the ruminal degradability of organic matter and mitigating the formation of methane. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 199: 51-60.
View at Google ScholarMorsy, A.S., Soltan, Y.A., Sallam, S.M.A., Kreuzer, M., Alencar, S.M.D. and Abdalla, A.L. 2015. Comparison of the in vitro efficiency of supplementary bee propolis extracts of different origin in enhancing the ruminal degradability of organic matter and mitigating the formation of methane. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 199: 51-60.
View at Google ScholarMorsy, A.S., Soltan, Y.A., El-Zaiat, H.M., Alencar, S.M.D. and Abdalla, A.L. 2021. Bee propolis extract as a phytogenic feed additive to enhance diet digestibility, rumen microbial biosynthesis, mitigating methane formation and health status of late pregnant ewes. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 273: 114834.
View at Google ScholarNascimento, R.J.T., Teixeira, R.M.A., Tomich, T.R., Pereira, L.G.R., Carmo, T.D.D., Neiva, A.P., Junior and Cappelle, E.R. 2020. Residue of propolis extract in bovine diets with increasing levels of protein on rumen fermentation. Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras.,55(e01572).
View at Google ScholarÖzturk, H., Pekcan, M., Sireli, M. and Fidanci, U.R. 2010. Effects of propolis on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation. Ank. Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg., 57(4): 217-221.
View at Google ScholarRufatto, L.C., Luchtenberg, P., Garcia, C., Thomassigny, C., Bouttier, S., Henriques, J.P., Roesch-Ely, M., Dumas, F. and Moura, S. 2018. Brazilian red propolis: Chemical composition and antibacterial activity determined using bioguided fractionation. Microbiol. Res., 214: 74–82.
View at Google ScholarSnedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. 1994. Statistical methods, 11th Edn. pp. 267. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA.
View at Google ScholarSoltan, Y.A., Morsy, A.S., Sallam, S.M.A., Hashem, N.M. and Abdalla, A.L. 2016. Propolis as a natural feed additive in ruminant diets; can propolis affect the ruminants performance?: A review. Egypt. J. Nutr. Feeds, 19(1): 73-79.
View at Google ScholarValero, M.V., Zeoula, L.M., Moura, L.P.P., Júnior, J.B.G.C., Sestari, B.B. and Prado, I.N.D. 2015. Propolis extract in the diet of crossbred (½ Angus vs. ½ Nellore) bulls finished in feedlot: animal performance, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics. Semina. Cienc. Agrar., 36(2):1067-1078.
View at Google ScholarVan Soest, P.J. and Robertson, J.B. 1988. A laboratory manual for animal science. Cornell university, USA., pp. 612.
View at Google ScholarVan Soest, P.V., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci., 74(10): 3583-3597.
View at Google Scholar



