Original Article
Impact of Molasses and Ground Corn Grains as a Source of Energy Supplementation on Composition, Quality, Nutritional Values and in vitro Gas Production Parameters of Corn Stover Silage
Year: 2026 | Month: February | Volume 16 | Issue 1
AAFCO. 1997. Association of American Feed Control Officials: Official Publication. Association of American Feed Control Officials; Atlanta, GA, USA.
View at Google ScholarAbreu, D., Dubeux, J.C.B., Queiroz, L.D., Jaramillo, D., Da Silva Santos, E.R., van Cleef, F., Vela-Garcia, C., DiLorenzo, N. and Ruiz-Moreno, M. 2022. Supplementation of Molasses-Based Liquid Feed for Cattle Fed on Limpograss Hay. Animals, 12: 2227.
View at Google ScholarAgriculture Economics and Statistics Institute. 2024. Agricultural Economics, part 2 pull. By Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt.
View at Google ScholarAhmed, B.M., Taie, H.T.,Bendary, M.M. and Abdel-Lateif, K.F. 2003. Influence of dietary corn silage on digestibility, performance and economical efficiency of dairy cattle. Egyptian J. Nutr. and Feeds, 6: 587.
View at Google ScholarAhmed, F., Tauqir, N.A., Faraz, A., Asghar, I., Wadood, F. and Tahir, M.N. 2021. Performance of lactating Sahiwal cows fed corn stovers ensiled with molasses, urea and lime solution. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci., 11: 59-66.
View at Google ScholarAnalytical Chemistry of foods. 1995. Published by Blockie academic and professional, an imprint of chapman & Hall, western cleddens Road, Bishopbriggs, Glasgow G64 2NZ, UK.
View at Google ScholarAOAC. 2005. Association of Official of Analytical Chemists. Official method of Analysis. 18th Edition. Washington DC, USA.
View at Google ScholarAyandiran, S.K.,Odeyinka, S.M.,Oloidi, F.F., Amoo, A.F., Ojo, I.F., Ogunmola, Y.E. and Olakunle, T.M. 2024. Effect of molasses on nutritive value and in vitro digestibility of elephant grass silage. Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica, 57: 72–76.
View at Google ScholarBautista-Trujillo, G.U., Cobos, M.A., Ventura-Canseco, L.M.C., Ayora-Talavera, T., Abud-Archila, M., Oliva-Llaven, M.A., Dendooven, L. and Gutiérrez-Miceli, F.A. 2009. Effect of Sugarcane Molasses and Whey on Silage Quality of Maize. Asian J. Crop Sci., 1: 34-39.
View at Google ScholarBeauchemin, K.A. and McGinn, S.M. 2005. Methane emissions from feedlot cattle fed barley or corn diets. J. Anim. Sci., 83: 653-661.
View at Google ScholarBendary, M.M., Mahmoud, S.A., Abdel-Raouf, E.M., Mohsen, M.K. and Gaafar, H.M.A. 2001a. Economical and nutritional evaluation of ensiling corn crop. Egyptian J. Nutri. Feeds, 4: 89-103.
View at Google ScholarBendary, M.M., Ganem, G.H.A., Soliman, E.S., Amer, E.A. and ElZeer, F.A. 2001b. Nutrition evaluation of ensiling fresh maize Stover. Egyptian J. Nutr. Feeds, 4: 105-116.
View at Google ScholarBilal,M.Q. 2009. Effect of molasses and corn as silage additives on the characteristics of mott dwarf elephant grass silage at different fermentation periods. Pakistan Vet. J., 29: 19-23.
View at Google ScholarBlümmel, M. and Ørskove, E.R. 1993. Comparison of in vitro gas production and nylon bag degradability of roughages in predicting feed intake in cattle. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 40: 109–119.
View at Google ScholarBostami, A.B.M.R., Khan, R.I., Amin, M.R., Sarker, N.R., Pervage, S. and Hasan, K. 2008. Effect of addition of molasses and period of preservation on physical and nutritional properties of maize stover silage. Bang. J. Anim. Sci., 37: 42 – 51.
View at Google ScholarBueno, B.S., Benjamim, C.V. and Zornberg, J.G. 2005. Field performance of a full-scale retaining wall reinforced with non-woven geotextiles. Slopes and retaining structures under seismic and static conditions. ASCE GSP, 140.
View at Google ScholarCampos, F.P., Nussio, L.G., Sarmento, P., Daniel, J.L.P. and Lima, C.G. 2020. Effects of addition of different sources and doses of sugars on in vitro digestibilities of dry matter, fiber and cell wall monosaccharides of corn silage in ruminants. Animal, 14: 1667–1675.
View at Google ScholarCzerkawski, J.W. 1986. An Introduction to Rumen Studies. Pergamon Press. Oxford, New York, Toronto, Sydne, Frankfort.
View at Google Scholarda Silva Zornitta, C.,Ítavo, L.C.V., Ítavo, C.C.B.F., dos Santos, G.T., Dias, A.M., dos Santos Difante, G. and Gurgel, A.L.C. 2021. Kinetics of in vitro gas production and fitting mathematical models of corn silage. Fermentation, 7: 298.
View at Google ScholarDaoud, E.N.M., Mohamed, Ghada H., Elsayed, Heba Y.A., Ebeid, H.M. and Gomaa, R.M.M. 2024. Comparative analysis of nutrient content and in vitro gas production digestibility between corn and sorghum plants during different growth stages. Egyptian J. Nutri. Feeds, 27: 325-333.
View at Google ScholarDePeters, E.J., Getachew, G., Fadel, J.G., Zinn, R.A., Taylor, S.J., Pareas, J.W., Hinders, R.G. and Aseltine, M.S. 2003. In vitro gas production as a method to compare fermentation characteristics of steam-flaked corn. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 105: 109-122.
View at Google ScholarDirekvandi, E., Mohammadabadi, T., Chaji, M., Elghandour, Mona M.M.Y., Barbabosa-Pleigo, A. and Salem, A.Z.M. 2020. Effect of sulfuric acid and molasses on the chemical composition, ruminal fermentation, and digestibility of silage of Conocarpus erectus L. tree leaves and branches. Agrof. Syst., 94: 1601–1609.
View at Google ScholarDong, Z., Wang, S., Zhao, J., Li, J. and Shao, T. 2020. Effects of additives on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves silage. Asian-Australian J. Anim. Sci., 33: 1292-1300.
View at Google ScholarEl-Garhy, G.M. 2007. Evaluation of treated corn stover silage as a feed for lactating cattle. Fayoum J. Agric. Res. and Dev., 21: 212-221.
View at Google ScholarGaafar, H.M., Mohsen, M.K., Abdel-Raouf, E.M., Riad, W.A. and Hassan, N.I. 2023. Effect of energy, protein and microbial inoculants additives on chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of corn stover silage. Global J. Anim. Sci. Res., 11: 115-129.
View at Google ScholarGao, J.L., Wang, P., Zhou, C.H., Li, P., Tang, H.Y., Zhang, J.B. and Cai, Y. 2019. Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of corn stover during field exposure and the fermentation characteristics of silage prepared with microbial additives. Asian-Australian J. Anim. Sci., 32: 1854-1863.
View at Google ScholarGetachew, G.,DePeters, E.J., Robinson, P.H. and Fadel, J.G. 2005. Use of an in Vitro Rumen Gas Production Technique to Evaluate Microbial Fermentation of Ruminant Feeds and Its Impact on Fermentation Products. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 123–124: 547–559.
View at Google ScholarGetachew, G., Blummel, M., Marker, H.P.S. and Becker, K. 1998. In vivo gas measuring techniques for assessment of nutritiomal quality of feeds. A review. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 72: 261-281.
View at Google ScholarHartutik, H., Marjuki, M., Huda, A.N.,Ndaru, P.N., Arsianty, Y.N. andRohmah, B.N. 2021. The Use of Molasses as Additive with Different Ensiling Time and Physical Quality, pH and Nutritive of Value Maize Stover Silage. J. Nutrisi. Ternak Tropis., 4: 88-92.
View at Google ScholarIBM SPSS Statistics. 2020. Statistical Package for the Social Science. Release 27. SPSS, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA.
View at Google ScholarKara, K. 2015. In vitro methane production and quality of corn silage treated with maleic acid. Italian J. Anim. Sci., 14: 3994.
View at Google ScholarKareem, M.S. and Saeed, A.A. 2021. Effect of level of dry matter and source of soluble carbohydrate on chemical composition of corn stover silage. Euphrates J. Agric. Sci., 13: 53-62.
View at Google ScholarKarnatam, K.S., Mythri, B., Un Nisa, W., Sharma, H., Meena, T.K., Rana, P., Vikal, Y., Gowda, M., Dhillon, B.S. and Sandhu, S. 2023, Silage maize as a potent candidate for sustainable animal husbandry development—perspectives and strategies for genetic enhancement. Front. Genet., 14:1150132.
View at Google ScholarKhan, N.A., Tewoldebrhan, T.A., Zom, R.L.G., Cone, J.W. and Hendriks, W.H. 2012. Effect of corn silage harvest maturity and concentrate type on milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 95: 1472–1483.
View at Google ScholarKnight, A.D. and Harris, L.E. 1966. Digestible protein estimation for NRC feed composition tables. J. Anim. Sci., 25: 593.
View at Google ScholarKuttu, J.M., Salmanu, F.Y., Bichi, N.S., Usman, H., Rahila, I., Yilchir, S.R., Dalawa, Y.M. and Gidado, M. 2025. Enhancing maize stover silage quality using molasses and urea for sustainable agriculture in Africa. Berkeley J. Entomol. Agron. Studies (BJEAS), 9: 32-44.
View at Google ScholarLee, S.Y., Kim, W.Y., Ko, J.Y. and Ha, J.K. 2002. Effects of corn processing on in vitro and in situ digestion of corn grain in Holstein steers. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 15: 851-858.
View at Google ScholarLi, S., Yin, Y., Zhang, R. and Wang, C. 2024. The impacts of cellulose on volatile fatty acid production and the microbial community in anaerobic fermentation of sludge at high and medium temperatures. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 197: 631–648.
View at Google ScholarLi, Y., Du, S., Sun, L., Cheng, Q., Hao, J., Lu, Q., Ge, G., Wang, Z. and Jia, Y. 2022. Effects of lactic acid bacteria and molasses additives on dynamic fermentation quality and microbial community of native grass silage. Front. Microbiol., 13: 830121.
View at Google ScholarLiu, X., Sha, Y.,Dingkao, R., Zhang, W.,Lv, W., Wei, H., Shi, H., Hu, J., Wang, J., Li, S., Hao, Z. and Luo, Y. 2020. Interactions between rumen microbes, VFAs, and host genes regulate nutrient absorption and epithelial barrier function during cold season nutritional stress in Tibetan sheep. Front. Microbiol., 11: 593062.
View at Google ScholarLiu, J., Bai, Y., Liu, F., Kohn, R.A., Tadesse, D.A., Sarria, S., Li, R.W. and Song, J. 2022. Rumen Microbial Predictors for Short-Chain Fatty Acid Levels and the Grass-Fed Regimen in Angus Cattle. Animals, 12: 2995.
View at Google ScholarMAFF. 1975. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Energy Allowance and Feeding Systems for Ruminants Technical Bulletin for Ruminants Technical Bulletin 33, MAFF, London, UK.
View at Google ScholarMejia-Uribe, L.A., Borquez, J.L., Salem, A.Z.M., Dominguez- Vara, I.A. and Gonzalez-Ronquillo, M. 2013. Short communication: Effects of adding different protein and carbohydrates sources on chemical composition and in vitro gas production of corn stover silage. Spanish J. Agric. Res., 11: 427-430.
View at Google ScholarMenke, K.H. and Steingass, H. 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained by chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim. Res. Dev., 28: 55.
View at Google ScholarMenke, K.H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D. and Schneider, W. 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. J. Agric. Sci., 93: 217–222.
View at Google ScholarNasser, M.E.A., Sallam, S.M.A., El-Waziry, A.M., Hagino, A., Katoh, K. and Obara, Y, 2006. In vitro gas production measurements and estimated energy value and microbial protein to investigate associative effects of untreated or biological treated rice straws with berseem hay. In: 2nd International Scientific Congress for Environment, 28-30 March, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
View at Google ScholarNayel, U.A., Abo-Donia, F.M., Ahmed, B.M., Sabra, E.A. and Raslan, M.K. 2019. Some factors affecting the in vitro gas production of some ruminants feedstuffs. Menoufia J. Anim. Poult. Fish Prod., 3: 45 – 57.
View at Google ScholarNogoy, K.M., Zhang, Y., Lee, Y.H., Li, X.Z., Seong, H.A. and Choi, S.H. 2019. Nutrient composition and in vitro fermentability of corn grain and stover harvested at different periods in Goesan, a mountainous area. J. Anim. Sci. Technol., 61: 18-27.
View at Google ScholarNurdianti, R.R., Dickhoefer, U. and Castro-Montoya, J.M. 2024. Relationship between nutritional composition and fibre digestibility in tropical forages compared to temperate forages, Italian J. Anim. Sci., 23: 1839-1853,
View at Google ScholarOduguwa, B.O., Jolaosho, A.O. and Ayankoso, M.T. 2007. Effect of ensiling on the physical properties, chemical composition and mineral contents of Guinea grass and cassava tops silage. Nigerian J. Anim. Prod., 34: 100-106.
View at Google ScholarOnodera, R. and Henderson, C. 1980. Growth factors of bacterial origin for the culture of the rumen oligotrich protozoon, entodinium caudatum. J. Appl. Bacteriol., 48: 125–134.
View at Google ScholarØrskov, E.R. and McDonald, I. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. J. Agric. Sci., 92: 499–503.
View at Google ScholarPalmonari, A., Federiconi, A., Cavallini, D., Sniffen, C.J., Mammi, L., Turroni, S., D’Amico, F., Holder, P. and Formigoni, A. 2023. Impact of molasses on ruminal volatile fatty acid production and microbiota composition in vitro. Animals, 13: 728.
View at Google ScholarPellikaan, W.F., Hendriks, W.H., Uwimana, G., Bongers, L.J.G.M., Becker, P.M. and Cone, J.W. 2011. A novel method to determine simultaneously methane production during in vitro gas production using fully automated equipment. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 168: 196–205.
View at Google ScholarPongsub, S.,Suriyapha, C., Boontiam, W. and Cherdthong, A. 2024. Effect of cassava pulp treated with Lactobacillus casei TH14, urea, and molasses on gas kinetics, rumen fermentation, and degradability using the in vitro gas technique. Heliyon, 10: e29973.
View at Google ScholarSariçiçek, B.Z. and Kiliç, Ü. 2009. The Effects of Different Additives on Silage Gas Production, Fermantation Kinetics and Silage Quality. Ozean J. Appl. Sci., 2: 11-18.
View at Google ScholarSattarova, E., Hansen, M.J., Jørgensen, H.J.H., Lund, P., Knudsen, K.E.B., Nørgaard, J.V. and Møller, H.B. 2025. Influence of fiber type on enteric methane production from growing-finishing pigs and subsequent biochemical methane potential of excreted feces. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 320; 116228.
View at Google ScholarShi, J., Su, H., He, S., Dai, S., Mao, H. and Wu, D. 2025. Pan- Genomic Insights into Rumen Microbiome-Mediated Short- Chain Fatty Acid Production and Regulation in Ruminants. Microorganisms, 13: 1175.
View at Google ScholarTheodorou, M.K.,Williams, B.A., Dhanoa, M.S., McAllan, A.B. and France, J. 1994. A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 48: 185-197
View at Google ScholarTimmermans, E., Bautil, A., Brijs, K., Scheirlinck, I., Van der Meulen, R. and Courtin, C.M. 2022. Sugar levels determine fermentation dynamics during yeast pastry making and its impact on dough and product characteristics. Foods, 11: 1388.
View at Google ScholarVan Gelder, M.H., Rodrigues, M.A.M., De Boever, J.L., Den Hartigh, H., Rymer, C., Van Oostrum, M., Van Kaathoven, R. and Cone, J.W. 2005. Ranking of in vitro fermentability of 20 feedstuffs with an automated production technique: Results of a ring test. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 123-124: 243-253.
View at Google ScholarVan Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. andLewis, B.A. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 3583–3597
View at Google ScholarVieira, D.J.C., Grigoletto, N.T.S., Poletti, G., Chesini, R.G., Diepersloot, E.C., Takiya, C.S., Ferraretto, L.F. and Rennó, F.P. 2025. Impact of decreasing undigested neutral detergent fiber concentration in corn silage–based diets for dairy cows: Nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, feeding behavior, and performance. J. Dairy Sci., 108: 8462–8475.
View at Google ScholarVillamide, M.J. and Fraga, M.J. 1998. Prediction of the digestible crude protein and protein digestibility of feed ingredients for rabbits from chemical analysis. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 70: 211-224.
View at Google ScholarWarner, A.C.I. 1964. Production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen, method of measurements. Nutr. Abstr. Rev., 34: 339.
View at Google ScholarWang, R., Bai, Z., Chang, J., Li, Q., Hristov, A.N., Smith, P., Yin, Y., Tan, Z. and Wang, M. 2022. China’s low-emission pathways toward climate-neutral livestock production for animal-derived foods. The Innovation, 3: 100220.
View at Google ScholarWindsor, P.A. and Hill, J. 2022. Provision of high-quality molasses blocks to improve productivity and address greenhouse gas emissions from smallholder cattle and buffalo: Studies from Lao PDR. Animals, 12: 3319.
View at Google ScholarXia,C., Liang, Y., Bai, S., He, Y., Muhammad, A.U.R., Su, H. and Cao, B. 2018. Effects of harvest time and added molasses on nutritional content, ensiling characteristics and in vitro degradation of whole crop wheat. Asian-Australian J. Anim. Sci., 31: 354-362.
View at Google ScholarXu, D., Li, C., Zhao, M., Fengc, Y., Sun, L. and Wang, Y. 2013. Assessment on the improvement of soy sauce fermentation by Aspergillus oryzae HG76. Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol., 2: 344-351.
View at Google ScholarYulistiani, D. and Nurhayati, N. 2018. Fermentation kinetic of maize straw-gliricidia feed mixture supplemented by fermentable carbohydrate measured by in vitro gas production. Earth Environ. Sci., 119: 012053.
View at Google ScholarZhang, N., Zhou, Y., Ali, A., Wang, T., Wang, X. and Sun, X. 2024. Effect of molasses addition on the fermentation quality and microbial community during mixed micro storage of seed pumpkin Peel residue and sunflower stalks. Fermentation, 10: 314.
View at Google ScholarZhang, N., Zhou, Y., Ali, A., Wang, T., Wang, X. and Sun, X. 2024. Effect of molasses addition on the fermentation quality and microbial community during mixed micro storage of seed pumpkin Peel residue and sunflower stalks. Fermentation, 10: 314.
View at Google Scholar



