Akbar, M.A. and Gupta P.C. 1985. Subabul (Leucaena leucocephala) as a source of protein supplement for buffalo calves. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 55: 54-58.

Aletor, V.A. 1993. Allelochemicals in plant foods and feeding stuffs. Part I. Nutritional, biochemical and physiopathological aspects in animal production. Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 35(1): 57-67.

Aletor, V.A. and Fetuga, B.L. 1987. Pancreatic and intestinal amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) in the rat fed haemagglutinin extract. II Evidence of impaired dietary starch utilization. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 57(3): 113-117.

Aletor, V.A. and Onibi, O.E. 1990. The use of oyster shell as calcium supplement. Part I. Effect on the utilization of gossypol-containing cottonseed cake by the chicken. Die. Nahrung. Food, 34(4): 311-319.

Aletor, V.A. and Adeogun, O.A. 1995. Nutrient and antinutrient component of some tropical leafy vegetables. Food Chem., 53: 375-379.

Alexander, J., Benford, D., Cockburn, A. et al. 2008. Gossypol as undesirable substance in animal feed. EFSA Journal, 908: 1–55.

Arab, A.A.A. and Salem, F.M.A. 2010. Nutritional quality of Jatropha curcas seeds and effect of some physical and chemical treatments on their anti-nutritional factors. African Journal of Food Science, 4(3): 93-103.

Arieli, A. 1998. Whole cottonseed in dairy cattle feeding: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 72(1-2): 97–110.

Armour, J.C., Perera, R.L.C., Buchan, W.C. and Grant, G. 1998. Protease inhibitors and lectins in soya beans and effects of aqueous heat-treatment. J. Sci. Food Agric., 78: 225–231.

Avilés?Gaxiola, S., Chuck?Hernández, C. and Serna Saldívar, S.O. (2018), Inactivation Methods of Trypsin Inhibitor in Legumes: A Review. Journal of Food Science, 83: 17-29.

Bak, S., Paquette, S.M., Morant, M., Rasmussen, A.V., Saito, S., Bjarnholt, N., Zagrobelny, M., Jørgensen, K., Hamann, T., Osmani, S., Simonsen, H.T., Pérez, R.S., van Hesswijck, T.B., Jørgensen, B. and Møller, B.L., 2006. Cyanogenic glycosides; a case study for evolution and application of cytochromes P450. Phytochem. Rev., 5: 309–329

Barros, M.M., Lim, C. and Klesius, P.H. 2002. Effect of soybean meal replacement by cottonseed meal and iron supplementation on growth, immune response and resistance of channel catfish (Ictalurus puctatus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge. Aquaculture, 207(3-4): 263– 279.

Bhandari, M.R. and Kawabata, J. 2004. Assessment of antinutritional factor and bioavailability of calcium and zinc in wild yam (D. spp) tubers of Nepal. Food Chemistry, 85: 281-287.

Bianca Ribeiro, Elia Lacchini, Keylla U. Bicalho, Jan Mertens, Philipp Arendt, Robin Vanden Bossche, Gabriela Calegario, Lore Gryffroy, Evi Ceulemans, Julia Buitink, Alain Goossens and Jacob Pollier. 2020. A Seed-Specific Regulator of Triterpene Saponin Biosynthesis in Medicago truncatula. The Plant Cell, 32(6): 2020-2042.

Bolarinwa, I.F., Oke, M.O., Olaniyan, S.A. and Ajala, A.S. 2016. A Review of Cyanogenic Glycosides in Edible Plants. DOI: 10.5772/64886

Bolarinwa, I.F., Olaniyan, S.A., Olatunde, S.J., Ayandokun, F.T. and Olaifa, I.A. 2016. Effect of processing on amygdalin and cyanide contents of some Nigerian Foods. J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 8(2): 106?113.

Bolarinwa, I.F., Orfila, C. and Morgan, M.R.A. 2014. Amygdalin content of seeds kernels and food products commerciallyavailable in the UK. Food Chem., 152: 1333?139.

Borade, V.P., Kadam, S.S. and Salunke, D.K. 1984. Changes in phytate phosphorus and minerals during germination and cooking of horse gram and moth bean. Qual. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., 34: 151.

Bressani, R. 1993. Amaranth. In: Encyclopaedia of food science, food technology and nutrition. Eds. Macrae R, Rabinson RK, Sadler, MJ. London. Academic Press, pp. 135-140.

Brogren, M. and Savage, G.P. 2003. Bioavailability of soluble oxalate from spinach eaten with and without milk products. Asia Pacific J. Clin. Nutr., 12(2): 219-224.

Chattopadhyay, A., Saha, B., Pal, S., Bhattacharya, A. and Sen, H. 2010. Quantitative and qualitative aspects of elephant foot yam. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 16: 73-84.

Combs, G. E., Conness, R.G., Berry, T.H. and Wallace, H.D. 1967. Effect of raw and heated soybeans on gain, nutrient digestibility, plasma amino acids and other blood constituents of growing swine. J. Anim. Sci. 26: 1067-1071.

Conn, E.E. 1979. Cyanide and cyanogenic glycosides. In: Hcrbi vores: Their interaction with secondary plant metabolites. Rosenthal, G.A. Janzen, D.H. (eds.) A.P., New York pp. 387- 412.

Conn, E.E. 1980. Cyanogenic compounds. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol., 31: 433–451.

Connor, H.E. 1977. The poisonous plants in New Zealand: Wallington, New Zealand Government Printer, pp. 134.

Ebrahimi-Mahmoudabad S.R. and Taghinejad-Roudbaneh M. 2011. Investigation of electron beam irradiation effects on anti-nutritional factors, chemical composition and digestion kinetics of whole cottonseed, soybean and canola seeds. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 80(12): 1441–1447.

Fassett, D.W. 1973. Oxalates: In toxicants occurring naturally in Foods. Washington D.C. National Acad. Scie., pp. 346-362.

Fenwick, D.E. and Oakenfull, D.G. 1983. Saponin content of food plants and some prepared foods. J. Sci. Food Agric., 34: 186–191.

Ferreira, V.L.P., Yotsuyanagi, K. and Carvalho, C.R.L. 1995. Elimination of cyanogenic compounds from bamboo shoots Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro. Trop. Sci., 35: 342?346.

Fombad, R.B. and Bryant, M.J. 2004. An evaluation of the use of cottonseed cake in the diet of growing pigs. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 36(3): 295–305.

Frank, E.Z., Honow, R. and Hesse, A. 2001. Calcium and oxalate content of the leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris at different calcium supply in relation to calcium oxalate crystal formation. J. Plant Physiol., 158: 139–144.

Gatel, F. 1994. Protein quality of legume seeds for nonruminant animals: a literature review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 45: 317–348.

Gemede, H.F. and Ratta, N. 2014. Antinutritional factors in plant foods: potential health benefits and adverse effects. Glob. Adv. Res. Food Sci. Technol., 3(4):103–17.

Gholami, A., De Geyter, N., Pollier, J., Goormachtig, S., and Goossens, A. 2014. Natural product biosynthesis in Medicago species. Natural Product Reports, 31: 356-380.

Hang, D.T., Vanhanen, L. and Savage, G. 2012. Effect of simple processing methods on oxalate content of taro petioles and leaves grown in central Viet Nam. Food Science and Technol., pp. 1-5.

Hegarty, M.P. 1978. Toxic Amino Acids of plant origin. In: Effect of poisonous plants on livestock. Keeler, R.F., Van Kampen, K.R. and James, L.F. (eds.) Academic Press New York, pp. 575-585.

Holloway, W.D., Argall, M.E., Jealous, W.T., Lee, J.A. and Bradbury, J.H. 1989. Organic acids and calcium oxalate in tropical root crops. J. Agic. Food Chem., 37: 337-341.

Igbadul, B.D., Amoye, J. and Twadue, I. 2014. Effect of fermentation on the proximate composition, antinutritional factors and functional properties of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) flour. Afr. J. Food Sci. Technol., 5(3): 67?74.

Johnson, I.T., Gee, J.M., Price, K., Curl, C. and Fenwick, G.R. 1986. Influence of saponin on gut permeability and active nutrient transport in vitro. J. Nutr., 116: 2270-2277.

Jones, R.J. and Hegarty, M.P. 1984. The effect of different proportion of Leucaena leucocephala in the diet of cattle on growth, feed intake, thyroid function and urinary excretion of 3-hydroxy-4 (lH)-pyridone. Australian Journal of Agriculture Research, 35: 317.

Jood, S., Chauan, B.M. and Kapoor, A.C. 1986. Saponin content of chickpea and black gram: varietal differences and effects of processing and cooking methods. J. Food Agric., 37: 1121– 1124.

Kataria, A., Chauhan, B.M. and Gandhi, S. 1988. Effect of domestic processing and cooking on the antinutrients of black gram. Food Chem., 30: 149–156.

Keeler, R.W. 1984. Teratogens in plants. Journal of Animal Science, 58: 1029-1039.

Kemdirimi, O.C.C., Chukwu, O.A. and Anchinewhu, S.C. 1995. Effect of traditional processing of cassava on the cyanide content of gari and cassava flour. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., 48: 335?339.

Kenar, J.A. 2006. Reaction chemistry of gossypol and its derivatives. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 83(4): 269–302.

Khalil, A.H. and El-Adawy, T.A. 1994. Isolation, identification and toxicity of saponin from different legumes. Food Chem., 50: 197–201.

Khokhar, S. and Chauhan, B.M. 1986. Antinutritional factors in moth bean: varietal differences and effects of methods of domestic processing and cooking. J. Food Sci., 51: 591–594.

King, T.P., Begbie, R. and Cadenhead, A. 1983. Nutritional toxicity of raw kidney beans in pigs. Immunocytochemical and cytopathological studies on the gut and the pancreas. J. Sci. Food Agric., 34: 1404–1412.

Liebman, M. and Okombo, J. 2009. Oxalate content of selected pasta products. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 22: 254-256.

Liener, I.E. 1994. Implications of antinutritional components in soybean foods. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 34: 31–67.

Lim, S.J. and Lee, K.J. 2011. A microbial fermentation of soybean and cottonseed meal increases antioxidant activity and gossypol detoxification in diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 42(4): 494–503.

Lis, H. and Sharon, N. 1998. Lectins: carbohydrate-specific proteins that mediate cellular recognition. Chem. Rev., 98: 637–674.

Lyimo, M., Mugula, J. and Elias, T. 1992. Nutritive composition of broth from selected bean varieties cooked for various periods. J. Sci. Food Agric., 58: 535–539.

Mali, J.M., Kute L.S., Jambhale N.D. and Kadam S.S. 1990. Effect of leaf processing on antinutrients in leucaena seeds. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 60: 385-388.

Milgate, J. and Roberts, D.C.K. 1995. The nutritional & biological significance of saponins. Nutr. Res., 15: 1223– 1249.

Mosha, T.C., Gaga, H.E., Pace, R.D., Laswai, H.S. and Mtebek. 1995. Effect of blanching on the content of antinutritional factors in selected vegetables. Plant Food Hum. Nutr., 47: 361-367.

Nahrstedt, A. 1996. Relationships between the defense systems of plants and insects. In: Romeo, S.B. (Ed.), Recent Advances in Phytochemistry. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 217–230.

Noftsger, S.M., Hopkins, B.A., Diaz, D.E., Brownie, C. and Whitlow, L.W. 2000. Effect of whole and expanded-expelled cottonseed on milk yield and blood gossypol. Journal of Dairy Science, 83(11): 2539–2547.

Noonan, S.C. and Savage, G.P. 1999. Oxalate content of foods and its effect on humans. Asia Pacific J. Clin. Nutr., 8(1): 64- 74.

Oakenfull, D. and Sidhu, G.S. 1989. Saponins. In: Toxicants of Plant Origin, Vol. 11: Glycosides (Cheeke P, ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 97–141.

Onabolu, A.O., Oluwole, O.S.A., Rosling, H. and Bokanga, M. 2002. Processing factors affecting the level of residual cyanohydrins in gari. J. Sci. Food Agric., 82: 966?969

Oscarsson, K.V. and Savage, G.P. 2007. Composition and availability of soluble and insoluble oxalates in raw and cooked taro (Colocasia esculenta var. Schott) leaves. Food Chemistry, 101: 559-562.

Petit, P.R., Sauvaire, Y.D., Hillaire-Buys, D.M., Leconte, O.M., Baissac, Y.G., Posin, G.R, et al. 1995. Steroid saponins from fenugreek seeds: extraction, purification, and pharmacological investigation on feeding behaviour and plasma cholesterol. Steroids, 60: 674–80.

Prasad, S. and Dhanya, M.S. 2011. Determination and detoxification of cyanide content in sorghum for ethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. J. Metabol. Syst. Biol., 2(1): 10?14.

Price, K.R., Johnson, I.T. and Fenwick, G.R. 1987. The chemistry and biological significance of saponins in food and feeding stuffs. CRC Crit. Rev. Food. Sci. Nutr., 26: 27–135.

Quintana, P.J.E., de Peyster, A., Klatzke, S. and Park, H.J. 2000. Gossypol-induced DNA breaks in rat lymphocytes are secondary to cytotoxicity. Toxicology Letters, 117(1-2): 85–94.

Rafi?ska, K., Pomastowski, P., Wrona, O., Górecki, R. and Buszewski, B. 2017. Medicago sativa as a source of secondary metabolites for agriculture and pharmaceutical industry. Phytochemistry Letters, 20: 520-539.

Ratanapo, S., Ngamjunyaporn, W. and Chulavatnatol, M. 1998. Sialic acid binding lectins from leaf of mulberry (Morus alba). Plant Sci., 139: 141–148.

Rogers G. M., Poore M. H. and Paschal J. C. 2002. Feeding cotton products to cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 18(2): 267–294.

Samtiya, M., Aluko, R.E. and Dhewa, T. 2020. Plant food anti-nutritional factors and their reduction strategies: an overview. Food Prod Process and Nutr., 2(6).

Savage, G.P., Vanhanen, L., Mason, S.M. and Ross, A.B. 2000. Effect of Cooking on the Soluble and Insoluble Oxalate Content of Some New Zealand Foods. Journal Food Composition and Analysis, 13: 201-206.

Shajeela, P.S., Mohan, V.R., Jesudas, L.L. and Tresina, S.P. 2011. Nutritional and Antinutritional Evaluation of Wild Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) [Evaluación Del Valor Nutricional Y Factores Antinutricionales De Dioscorea Spp. Silvestre]. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 14: 723-730.

Sharma, A. and Sehgal, S. 1992. Effect of processing and cooking on the antinutritional factors of faba bean (Vicia faba). Food Chem., 43: 383–385.

Shawrang P., Mansouri M.H., Sadeghi A.A. and Ziaie F. 2011. Evaluation and comparison of gamma- and electron beam irradiation effects on total and free gossypol of cottonseed meal. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 80(6): 761–762.

Sijun, D., Pawlak, A., Po?niak B. et al. 2012. Effects of gossypol acetic acid on cellular and humoral immune response in non-immunized and SRBC-immunized mice. Central- European Journal of Immunology, 37(1): 11–19.

Singh, A.B., Awasthi, C.P. and Singh, N. 1999. Biochemical composition and nutritive value of promising collections of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus companulatus Roxb.). Veg. Sci., 26(2): 186-187.

Siritunga, D. and Sayre, R.T. 2003. Generation of cyanogenfree transgenic cassava. Planta, 217: 367?373.

Sirohi, S.K., Pandey, N., Goel, N., Singh, B., Mohini, M., Pandey, P. and Chaudhry, P.P. 2009. Microbial Activity and Ruminal Methanogenesis as Affected by Plant Secondary Metabolites in Different Plant Extracts. International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1(1): 52-58.

Smith, D.L. 1982. Calcium oxalate and carbonate deposits in plant cells. In: Anghileri, L.J. and Tuffet, Anghileri, A.M. Ed. The role of calcium in Biol Systems, CRS Press: Boca Raton. Florida, pp. 253-262.

Soetan, K.O. and Oyewole, O.E. 2009. The need for adequate processing to reduce the antinutritional factors in plants used as human foods and animal feeds: A review. African Journal of Food Science, 3(9): 223-232.

Soetan, K.O. and Oyewole, O.E. 2009. The need for adequate processing to reduce the anti?nutritional factors in plants used as human foods and animal feeds: a review. Afr. J. Food Sci., 3(9): 223–32.

Soto-Blanco, B. 2008. Gossipol e fatores antinutricionais da soja, In: Toxicologia Aplicada a MedicIna VeterIn aria, H.S. Spinosa, S.L. Gorniak, and J.P. Neto, Eds., Manole, Barueri, ´Brazil, pp. 531–545.

Sparg, S.G., Light, M.E. and van Staden, J. 2004. Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins. J. Ethnopharmacol, 94(2–3): 219–43.

Tuncel, G., Nout, M.J.R. and Brimer, L. 1995. The effects of grinding, soaking and cooking on the degradation of amygdalin of bitter apricot seeds. Food Chem., 53: 447?451.

Uematsu, Y., Hirata, K. and Saito, K. 2000. Spectrophotometric determination of saponin in Yucca extract used as food additive. J. AOAC Int., 83: 1451–4.

Van, Damme, E.J.M., Hao, Q., Charels, D., Barre, A., Rouge´, P., Van Leuven, F. and Peumans, W.J., 2000. Characterization and molecular cloning of two different type 2 ribosomeinactivating proteins from the monocotyledonous plant Polygonatum multiflorum. Eur. J. Biochem., 267: 2746–2759.

Vetter, J., 2000. Plant cyanogenic glycosides. Toxicon., 38: 11–36.

Vidal, V.C., Frias, J., Estrella, I., Gorospe, M.J., Ruiz, R. and Bacon, J. 1994. Effect of Processing on Some Antinutritional Factors of Lentils. J. Agric. Food Chem., 42(10): 2291–2295.

Yalcin, S. and Basman, A. 2015. Effects of infrared treatment on urease, trypsin inhibitor and lipoxygenase activities of soybean samples. Food Chem., 169: 203–10.

Yildirim, M., Lim, C., Wan, P.J. and Klesius, P.H. 2003. Growth performance and immune response of channel catfish (Ictalurus puctatus) fed diets containing graded levels of gossypol-acetic acid. Aquaculture, 219(1–4): 751–768.

Zagrobelny, M., Bak, S. and Møller, B.L. 2008. Cyanogenesis in plants and arthropods. Phytochemistry, 69(7): 1457-68.