Original Article
Sub Clinical Pregnancy Toxaemia Diagnostic Indicators and its Therapeutic Evaluation in Goats
Year: 2021 | Month: June | Volume 11 | Issue 3
Abdallah, A.A.M., El-Deen, N.A.M.N. and Ibrahim, A.A. 2015. Early biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of pregnancy toxemia in goats. Zag. Vet. J., 43: 130-142.
View at Google ScholarAbdelghafar, R.M., Ahmed, B.M., Ibrahim, M.T. and Mantis, P. 2011. Prediction of gestational age by transabdominal real time ultrasonographic measurements in Saanen goats (Capra hircus). Global Veterinaria., 6: 346-351.
View at Google ScholarAdel, M.A., Sahar, S. and El-Hamied, A. 2005. Anion gap determination and its relationship to some serum biochemical indicators in pregnancy toxemia in does. Zag. Vet. J., 33: 162- 168.
View at Google ScholarAlbay, M.K., Karakurum, M.C., Sahinduran, S., Sezer, K. and Yildiz, R. 2014. Selected serum biochemical parameters and acute phase protein levels in a herd of Saanen goats showing signs of pregnancy toxaemia. Vet. Med., 59: 336-342.
View at Google ScholarAlidadi, N., Rafia, S. and Moaddab, H. 2012. Outbreak of primary pregnancy toxemia in fat tailed ewes due to ultrasonographic misdiagnosis of pregnancy. Ir. J. Vet. Res., 13: 870-879.
View at Google ScholarAly, M.A. and Elshahawy, I.I. 2016. Clinico-biochemical diagnosis of pregnancy toxaemia in ewes with special reference to novel biomarkers. Alex. J. Vet. Sci., 48: 96-102.
View at Google ScholarBarakat, S.E.M., Al-Bhanasawi, N.M., Elazhari, G. and Bakhiet, A.O. 2007. Clinical and serobiochemical studies on naturally occuring pregnancy toxaemia in Shammia goats. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 6: 768 -772.
View at Google ScholarCleon, V.K. 1988. Disease of Sheep. 3rd Edn., Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, U.S.A.
View at Google ScholarEl-Sayed, R. and Siam, A. 1994. Pregnancy toxaemia in ewes. Alex. J. Vet Sci., 1 : 31- 35.
View at Google ScholarEmam, E.E. and Galhoom, K.I. 2008. Hormonal, haematological blood biochemical changes in pregnancy toxaemia in Balady goats (Caprines caprina) with trials of treatment as a field study. Egypt J. Comp. Pathol. Clinic. Pathol., 21: 121- 138.
View at Google ScholarFranklin, S.T. and Young, J.W. 1991. Effects of ketones, acetate, butyrate and glucose on bovine lymphocyte proliferation. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 2507–2514.
View at Google ScholarHefnawy, A.E., Shousha, S. and Youssef, S. 2011. Hematobiochemical profile of pregnant and experimentally pregnancy toxemic goats. J. Basic Appl. Chem., 1: 65-69.
View at Google ScholarHenze, P., Bickhardt, K., Fuhrmann, H. and Sallmann, H.P. 1998 Spontaneous pregnancy toxaemia (ketosis) in sheep and the role of insulin. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 45: 255-266.
View at Google ScholarIsmail, Z.A.B., Al-Majali, A.M., Amireh, F. and Al- Rawashdeh, O.F. 2008. Metabolic profiles in goat does in late pregnancy with and without subclinical pregnancy toxemia. Vet. Clin. Pathol., 37: 434–437.
View at Google ScholarJudith, V.M. and Thomas, H.H. 1988. Pregnancy toxemia and ketosis in ewes and does. Vet. Clin. Nr. Am. Food Anim. Pract., 4: 307-315.
View at Google ScholarKaneko, J.J., Harvey, J.W. and Bruss, M.L. 1997. Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. 5th Edn., Academic Press, California, U.S.A.
View at Google ScholarLima, M.S., Pascal, R.A. and Stilwell, G.T. 2012. Glycemia as a sign of the viability of the fetuses in the last days of gestation in dairy goats with pregnancy toxemia. Ir. Vet. J., 65: 136-148.
View at Google ScholarLima, M.S., Silveira, J.M., Carolino, N., Lamas, L.P., Pascoal, R.A. and Hjerpe, C.A. 2016.
View at Google ScholarUsefulness of clinical observations and blood chemistry values for predicting clinical outcomes in dairy goats with pregnancy toxaemia. Ir. Vet. J., 69: 16 – 24.
View at Google ScholarMarteniuk, J.V. and Herdt, T.H. 1988. Pregnancy toxemia and ketosis of ewes and does. Vet. Clin. Nr. Am. Food Anim. Pract., 4: 307-315.
View at Google ScholarNasr, M., Fauad, F.M. and El-Said, B. 1997. Studies on pregnancy toxaemia in does. Alex. J. Vet. Sci., 13: 79-86.
View at Google ScholarNassif, M.N., Hafez, A.M., Nasser, M.H. and Tahoon, A.M. 2005. Clinico-biochemical studies on experimentally induced pregnancy toxemia in does. Zag. Vet. J., 33: 31-41.
View at Google ScholarPichler, M., Damberger, A., Amholdt, T., Schwendenwein, I. and Gasteiner, J. 2014. Evaluation of 2 electronic handheld devices for diagnosis of ketonemia and glycemia in dairy goats. J. Dairy Sci., 97: 7538 – 7546.
View at Google ScholarRadostits, O, M., Blood, D.C. and Gay, C.C. 2000. Veterinary Medicine. A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses. 9th Edn., W.B. Saunders, Canada.
View at Google ScholarSchlumbohm, C. and Harmeyer, J. 2004. Hyperketonemia impairs glucose metabolism in pregnant ewes. J. Dairy Sci., 87: 350- 358.
View at Google ScholarSchlumbohm, C. and Harmeyer, J. 2008. Twin pregnancy increases susceptibility of ewes to hypoglycemic stress and pregnancy toxemia. Res. Vet. Sci., 84: 286-299.
View at Google ScholarSharma, N., Kumar, A., Kumar, R., Pawaiya, R.V.S. and Chaturvedi, V. 2014. Metabolic profiling for diagnosis and control of metabolic diseases in goats 2013-14. CIRG Annu. Rep., 4: 64–65.
View at Google ScholarVan Saun, R.J. 2000. Pregnancy toxemia in a flock of sheep. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 217: 1536 - 1539.
View at Google ScholarVasava, P.R., Jani, R.G., Goswami, H.V., Rathwa, S.D. and Tandel, F.B. 2016. Studies on clinical signs and biochemical alteration in pregnancy toxemic goats. Vet. World., 9: 869- 874.
View at Google ScholarYadav, S.N., Kalita, D.N., Phukan, A., Tamuly, S., Dutta, T.C. and Mahato, G. 2016. Diagnosis of caprine ketosis using human hand held ketone meter. Bangl. J. Vet. Med., 14: 179 – 181.
View at Google ScholarYarim, G.F. and Ciftci, G. 2009. Serum protein pattern in ewe with pregnancy toxaemia. Vet. Res. Commun., 33: 431-438.
View at Google Scholar



